Chapter 2 • 17 pages
Indicators of Growth and Development
Growth vs development, national income, per-capita income, PQLI and HDI.
GSEB • Class 12 • Economics
GSEB Class 12 Economics notes.
Separate Gujarat Board collection based on the uploaded GSEB Class 12 Economics material. Each chapter now has its own Google-searchable notes page and a linked revision-practice step.
Chapter 1 is intentionally not shown. It was not part of the uploaded set, so this collection covers Chapters 2–11 only.
Chapter 3 • 14 pages
Money and Inflation
Barter, money, functions and types of money, inflation, demand-pull and cost-push inflation.
Chapter 4 • 14 pages
Banking and Monetary Policy
Commercial banks, RBI and monetary-policy tools including Bank Rate, Repo, CRR, SLR and OMO.
Chapter 5 • 17 pages
Poverty
Income and non-income poverty, absolute and relative poverty, poverty line, causes and measures.
Chapter 6 • 8 pages
Unemployment
Meaning, active workforce, measurement and forms of unemployment.
Chapter 7 • 9 pages
Population
Population explosion, trends, growth rate, birth rate, death rate and demographic indicators.
Chapter 8 • 8 pages
Agriculture Sector
Importance of agriculture, national income, employment, production and industrial linkages.
Chapter 9 • 10 pages
Foreign Trade
Domestic vs international trade, factor endowments, costs, technology and specialisation.
Chapter 10 • 7 pages
Industrial Sector
Industry's contribution to national income, employment, exports and balanced development.
Chapter 11 • 13 pages
Emerging Issues in Indian Economy
Post-1991 reforms context, migration, urbanisation and infrastructural services.