GSEB Indicators of Growth and Development MCQ — Class 12

Economic growth primarily describes an increase in what?

Growth concerns expansion of real production or income over time.

Economic development includes growth and what else?

Development includes qualitative and structural improvements as well as income growth.

How is per capita income calculated?

Per capita income is average income per person.

Which indicator adjusts income growth for price changes?

Real income removes the effect of changing prices.

What does PQLI stand for?

PQLI summarises selected non-income dimensions of physical well-being.

Which is a PQLI component?

Infant mortality, life expectancy and literacy are the PQLI dimensions discussed in the chapter.

Which is a broad HDI dimension?

HDI considers health, education and living standards.

Which measure is an average rather than a distribution measure?

An average can conceal differences among individuals.

Lower infant mortality generally indicates what?

Fewer infant deaths are a favourable physical well-being outcome.

Higher literacy primarily improves which development dimension?

Literacy captures a basic educational achievement.

1. Income rises only because every price rises. What need not have occurred?

1. Nominal income growth
2. A price-level increase
3. An increase in money-valued income
4. Real economic growth

2. Why can national income rise while average income falls?

1. Real income and average income are identical
2. Exports must be zero
3. Population can grow faster than income
4. Population must always fall

3. Which situation best illustrates development beyond growth?

1. A larger population with unchanged services
2. Higher real income accompanied by better health and education
3. Higher prices alone
4. More currency notes without more output