Free Commerce topic toolkit

Income Determination, MPC, MPS & Multiplier Toolkit for Class 12 Economics

Income Determination questions connect several formulas: consumption, saving, MPC, MPS, multiplier and equilibrium income. This cluster keeps those relationships together so students can understand the sequence instead of memorising isolated formulas.

Topics covered

  • MPC and MPS
  • APC and APS
  • Consumption function
  • Saving function
  • Investment multiplier
  • Equilibrium income
  • Change in income due to change in investment

Calculators in this toolkit

Frequently asked questions

What is the relation between MPC and MPS?

In the simple consumption-saving model, MPC + MPS = 1. If one is known, the other can be calculated immediately.

How is the investment multiplier calculated?

The simple multiplier is k = 1/(1 − MPC), which is also equal to 1/MPS.

How do I calculate equilibrium income?

In a simple two-sector model with C = C̄ + MPC×Y and autonomous investment I, equilibrium income is Y = (C̄ + I)/(1 − MPC).

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