Aggregate demand
Aggregate demand: planned aggregate expenditure on final goods and services in the simplified macro model, built from the relevant expenditure components
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Open interactive chapter quizzesAggregate demand: planned aggregate expenditure on final goods and services in the simplified macro model, built from the relevant expenditure components
Consumption function: a relationship showing planned consumption at different income levels, commonly written C = a + bY in the simple linear case
Average propensities: APC is consumption divided by income and APS is saving divided by income
Marginal propensities: MPC is change in consumption divided by change in income, while MPS is change in saving divided by change in income
MPC–MPS identity: in the simple consumption-saving relationship MPC plus MPS equals one
Short-run equilibrium output: equilibrium occurs where planned aggregate demand equals aggregate output or income in the simple model
Investment multiplier: the ratio of change in equilibrium income to the initial change in autonomous investment, equal to 1/(1−MPC) or 1/MPS in the simple model
Full employment and involuntary unemployment: full employment allows all willing workers at the prevailing conditions to find work apart from normal frictions, while involuntary unemployment exists when willing workers cannot find jobs
Excess demand: planned aggregate demand exceeds the full-employment level of output, creating inflationary pressure that may be corrected by contractionary fiscal or monetary measures
Deficient demand: planned aggregate demand is insufficient to purchase the full-employment output, creating recessionary or unemployment pressure that may be corrected by expansionary measures
Aggregate demand. Aggregate demand: planned aggregate expenditure on final goods and services in the simplified macro model, built from the relevant expenditure components
Consumption function. Consumption function: a relationship showing planned consumption at different income levels, commonly written C = a + bY in the simple linear case
Average propensities. Average propensities: APC is consumption divided by income and APS is saving divided by income
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